Document Details
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Document Type |
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Thesis |
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Document Title |
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GENETIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL VARIATION OF GREY MANGROVES (AVICENNIA MARINA FORSK VIERH) ON THE RED SEA COAST OF SAUDI ARABIA الاختلافات الوراثية والبيئية للمانجروف الرمادي ( Avicennia marina Forsk Vierh) على ساحل البحر الأحمر بالمملكة العربية السعودية |
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Subject |
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Faculty of Meteorology, Environment and Arid Land Agriculture |
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Document Language |
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Arabic |
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Abstract |
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Mangroves are important and essential ecosystems. Mangroves are remarkable ecosystems – highly productive forests built by a small group of trees and shrubs that have adapted to survive in the harsh interface between land and sea. The aim of this study is to investigate the genetic and environmental variations most favorable conditions for existence and growth of grey mangroves (Avicennia marina Forsk.) in different locations along the Red Sea coast of Saudi Arabia. Five different locations were selected as experimental sites for sampling of plants, soil and water namely Jazan, Al-Qunfudhah, Jeddah, Yanbu and Ummlujj. The environmental conditions to be estimated will include of the chemical and physical properties of soil. For plant, tree height, nutrients, morphology and physiology of plants were analyzed whereas, soil samples were subjected to the physio-chemical analysis. The results showed that the tallest tree were found in average range of 2.08 m to 2.9 m in Al-Qunfudhah. Similarly, mangrove leaf in Al-Qunfudhah region have highest chlorophyll a and b content that is up to 1.85 µg/ml 3.09 µg/ml as compared to other region. This is because of higher average leaf area 910 cm2. Comparatively, in the other regions such as Jazan and Al-Qunfudah lower leaf surface area resulted effecting leaf characteristic such as leaf fresh (2.54 g) and (2.61), dry weight (0.59 g) and (0.76) and chlorophyll (A:3.01 µg/ml, B: 1.51 µg/ml) and (A:3.09 µg/ml, B: 1.85 µg/ml). In case of leaf mineral content, highest K content (1.45 %) was present in Ummlujj mangroves while lowest content (0.77 %) was detected in Al-Qunfudhah region while increased amounts of N (1.40-1.89 %) and P (0.080 %) in Jazan and Jeddah region respectively, showing that these nutrients are more conserved in the plants as compared to other regions. The soil analysis of five regions showed that maximum organic carbon (1.019 %) found in Al-Qunfudhah region. While lower N concentration (0.132-0.220 %) was revealed in all five regions. The soil K and P were 0.438% and 0.015% respectively in Jazan and Ummlujj regions. Soil texture was found mostly sandy in nature with highest sand fraction up 82.8% in Yanbu soil. Moreover, soil were highly saline in nature where up to 44.52 µS of EC was observed in Jazan region while Al-Qunfudhah region showed considerably lowered saline conditions (25.77 µS), thus having lower salinity stress. The obtained results in this study indicated that the southern areas Jazan and Al-Qunfudhah have more favorable growth conditions than the other specified northern areas. For molecular studies the results revealed that the least sum of similar patterns was 2 and observed between Pooled DNA of A. marina located at Jeddah and Yanbu. The highest similarities were between pooled DNA from A. Marina located at Jeddah and Ummlujj (0.344) and between Yanbu and Al-Qunfudhah (0.344) (Table 6). On contrary, the least similarities were between Pooled DNA from A. marina from Jeddah and Yanbu (0.022), Al-Qunfudhah and Ummlujj (0.044), Jeddah and Al-Qunfudhah (0.077) and similarity between Yanbu and Ummlujj (0.077). Overall, highest similarties the pooled DNA for A. marina located at Jeddah, Jazan and Ummlujj, and the pooled DNA for A. marina from Yanbu and Al-Qunfudhah. Moreover, the results of the presented study could be utilize for developing effective strategies for conserving the mangroves forests in different regions of Saudi Arabia. |
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Supervisor |
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Dr. Magdi Ali Ahmed Mousa |
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Thesis Type |
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Doctorate Thesis |
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Publishing Year |
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1438 AH
2017 AD |
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Co-Supervisor |
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Dr. Ahmed Abdullah Saeed Bakhshwain |
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Added Date |
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Monday, August 7, 2017 |
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Researchers
| محمد عبدالله الجهني | Al-Juhani, Mohammed Abdullah | Researcher | Doctorate | |
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